R brief term and moderate for long term efficacy. In contrast, the lumbar interlaminar epidural steroid injection is strong for quick term reliefs and limited for long term efficacy. Botwin et al. [8] reported a prospective cohort study of 34 spinal stenosis patients who underwent fluoroscopically guided TFESI. They reported 75 of long-term profitable outcomes (at least 50 discomfort reduction post injection), a 64 improved walking tolerance plus a 57 enhanced standing tolerance. With superiorAsian Spine Journalof a single needle TFESI as compared with two needles TFESI. For the advantage on the sufferers with two levels of spinal stenosis, we utilized two needles TFESI as pointed out in the strategies. One more limitation was the numbers of injections were not the same for every patient. Repeated injections have been done in patients with symptom recurrences.Outcomes of fluoroscopically guided 127 7. Lee JW, Myung JS, Park KW, et al. Fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural steroid injection for management of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: short-term and long-term final results. Skeletal Radiol 2010;39:691-9. eight. Botwin KP, Gruber RD, Bouchlas CG, et al. Fluoroscopically guided lumbar transformational epidural steroid injections in degenerative lumbar stenosis: an outcome study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002;81:898905. 9. Jeong HS, Lee JW, Kim SH, Myung JS, Kim JH, Kang HS. Effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injection by using a preganglionic method: a prospective randomized controlled study. Radiology 2007;245:584-90. ten. Sengupta DK, Herkowitz HN. Degenerative spondylolisthesis: review of existing trends and controversies. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005; 30(6 Suppl):S71-81. 11. Kalichman L, Hunter DJ. Diagnosis and conservative management of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Eur Spine J 2008;17:327-35. 12. DePalma MJ, Slipman CW. Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with epidural steroid injections. Spine J 2008;8:45-55. 13. Southern D, Lutz GE, Cooper G, Barre L. Are fluoroscopic caudal epidural steroid injections helpful for managing chronic low back pain? Pain Doctor 2003;6:167-72. 14. Buttermann GR.Azido-PEG4-alcohol structure The effect of spinal steroid injections for degenerative disc illness.Boc-(S)-3-Amino-3-phenylpropanal site Spine J 2004;4:495-505. 15. Manchikanti L, Money KA, McManus CD, Pampati V, Abdi S. Preliminary benefits of a randomized, equivalence trial of fluoroscopic caudal epidural injections in managing chronic low back pain: Part 4–Spinal stenosis. Pain Doctor 2008;11:833-48. 16. Botwin K, Brown LA, Fishman M, Rao S. Fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural steroid injections in degenerative lumbar spine stenosis.PMID:24324376 Pain Doctor 2007;ten:547-58. 17. Barre L, Lutz GE, Southern D, Cooper G. Fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural steroid injections for lumbar spinal stenosis: a restrospective evaluation of long-term efficacy. Discomfort Doctor 2004;7:187-93. 18. Delport EG, Cucuzzella AR, Marley JK, Pruitt CM, Fisher JR. Treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with epidural steroid injections: a retrospective outcome study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:479-84.ConclusionsThe fluoroscopically guided lumbar TFESI is able to decrease VAS and Roland 5-point pain scale and improves standing tolerance and walking tolerance in the short term for DLS sufferers. For long-term benefits, it reduces VAS however the improvement in standing tolerance and walking tolerance are restricted. Moreover, DLS individuals with one level of spinal stenosis showed significantly much better outcomes than DLS patien.
