Amada, ., K. Strange. 2012. CLC anion channel regulatory phosphorylation and conserved signal

Amada, ., K. Strange. 2012. CLC anion channel regulatory phosphorylation and conserved signal transduction domains. Biophys. J. 103:1706?718. Biophysical Journal 104(9) 1893?Activation of the typical gate directly blocks pore conduction and/or inhibits pore fast gating. The current studies collectively with our prior work (34) provide an essential foundation for understanding the mechanistic basis of regulation of other CLC proteins by phosphorylation, intracellular nucleotide binding, extracellular Ca2? and accessory proteins.The authors thank Jerod Denton and Michael Pusch for useful discussions and Angela Parton and Rebecca Morrison for technical help. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant R01 DK51610 to K.S. and by NIH Institutional Improvement Award (Concept) grant P20 GM103423. Experiments described within this perform had been proposed and designed by T.Y.5-Fluorobenzofuran-4-carbaldehyde Data Sheet , M.B., and K.S. T.Y. and M.B. performed the experimental research. All authors participated within the analysis and interpretation on the data, inside the writing of the manuscript, and within the approval with the final version in the manuscript for publication.
Communication pubs.acs.org/JACSTerms of UseDynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Cross-Benzoin Additions of Stereogenic Keto EstersC. Guy Goodman and Jeffrey S. Johnson*Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United StatesS * Supporting InformationABSTRACT: The dynamic kinetic resolution of -halo keto esters through an asymmetric cross-benzoin reaction is described. A chiral N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzes the umpolung addition of aldehydes to racemic -keto esters. The resulting totally substituted -halo glycolic ester products are obtained with high levels of enantio- and diastereocontrol. The higher chemoselectivity observed is actually a outcome of greater electrophilicity with the -keto ester toward the Breslow intermediate. The reaction solutions are shown to undergo very diastereoselective substratecontrolled reduction to provide highly functionalized stereotriads.Scheme 1. DKRs with -Halo -Keto Estershe benzoin condensation is often a carbene- or cyanidecatalyzed reaction that couples two carbonyl compounds to give -hydroxy ketones through carbon-carbon bond formation. The reaction proceeds with concurrent generation of a stereogenic center and could be the archetype of a catalytic umpolung (polarity inversion) reaction.1 Its significance and widespread use largely flow from two defining traits: (1) its capacity to produce useful and ubiquitous -hydroxy ketones, and (two) the 100 atom efficiency inherent for the reaction. As a consequence, substantial analysis effort has been devoted to numerous aspects of the transformation. Techniques now exist for the asymmetric homobenzoin reaction (the coupling of two identical aldehydes).2-Octyldecanoic acid web 2 The union of two unique carbonyls (cross-benzoin addition) gives the possibility of accessing a more diverse set of -hydroxy ketones;three on the other hand, controlling the chemoselectivity of those reactions (i.PMID:23554582 e., constitutional isomer distribution) is complicated, specifically inside the intermolecular manifold. Asymmetric cross-benzoin additions have been accomplished via the deployment of miscellaneous strategies and reagents utilizing enzymatic,4 metallophosphite,5 and carbene6 catalysis. Regardless of the aforementioned constructive attributes, a limitation present in all of those solutions is that they produce only a single stereocenter throughout the C-C bond forming occasion. To t.